Xenapril. The maximum daily dose is 40 mg. Xenapril

 
The maximum daily dose is 40 mgXenapril  You can take enalapril with or without food

Enalapril Maleate is an uncoated tablet prescribed to help manage the symptoms of heart failure, whether mild, moderate or severe, high blood pressure and some other heart conditions. 1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, an antihypertensive agent and a geroprotector. Enalaprilat is its active metabolite responsible for the activity. sneezing. 8. Therefore, the above recommendations are based on clinical experiences and are not specific for any indication. Collapse the Reports List, select the tiny < arrow - to increase the Report data window. [1] Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Target blood pressure is lower than 140/90 mmHg. Common (1% to 10%): Increased serum creatinine, uric acid, and potassium [ Ref] Enalapril, like other angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, may decrease serum aldosterone levels, resulting in mild to moderate hyperkalemia. 2 out of 10 from a total of 29 ratings on Drugs. Aims: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are recommended as first-line therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. 95, and flow rate of 1. As a result, enalapril relaxes the blood vessels. 4) because hypotension and (more rarely) consequent renal failure have been reported. Enalapril Maleate is an uncoated tablet prescribed to help manage the symptoms of heart failure, whether mild, moderate or severe, high blood pressure and some other heart conditions. low blood pressure. ENALAPRIL (e NAL a pril) treats high blood pressure and heart failure. 4 timer (enalaprilat). by Merck Sharp and Dohme. In patients with heart failure, with or without associated renal insufficiency, symptomatic hypotension has been observed. Quinapril is in a class of medications called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / drug therapy. Background: Sacubitril-valsartan reduced risks of death and hospitalization for HF versus enalapril in ambulatory patients with HF and reduced. After the first dose, if you do not feel dizzy, you can take enalapril at any time of day. 36. Enalapril maleate is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Consider starting an ACE inhibitor in high-risk patients, even if no HTN or CHF. Data sources include Micromedex (updated 5 Nov 2023), Cerner Multum™. Pet owners using enalapril for their dog should be aware that side effects, though relatively rare, can occur. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors represent one of the most commonly used categories of drugs in canine and feline medicine. As one of the major modifiable risk factors for CVD, optimizing blood pressure control is critical in reducing heart disease and, ultimately, healthcare costs. Combining these medications may reduce the effects of enalapril in lowering blood pressure. Safe online transactions. Taking enalapril with other medicines. Enalapril, administrado na forma de maleato de enalapril, é um pró-fármaco utilizado no tratamento da hipertensão e também em casos de insuficiência cardíaca (IC), sendo que seu mecanismo de ação envolve a inibição da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA). 5 h after ingestion in healthy adult volunteers and are between 54. FARMACOCINÉTICA Y FARMACODINAMIA: Farmacocinética: Maleato de Enalapril: El maleato de enalapril administrado por vía oral (V. Benazepril comes in the form of a tablet you take by mouth. 1111/j. E-MAIL. 002). Enalapril, sold under the brand name Vasotec among others, is an ACE inhibitor medication used to treat high blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease, and heart failure. You can give your dog Enalapril with or without food (if your pet is prone to. Azathioprine. Who may not be able to take enalapril. The more common side effects that can occur with captopril include: dry cough (should go away after you stop taking captopril) dizziness. Moreover, it is prescribed to patients with ventricle disorder. Kroger Pharmacy. They utilize all the critical binding interactions of the. Find out how enalapril treats high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure, and how to take it. Enalapril clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships. Note: Multiple pictures are displayed for those medicines available in different strengths, marketed under different brand names and for medicines manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies. After 2 weeks placebo treatment 31 patients were randomised by the technique of minimisation in an observer-blind study t. Print patient leaflet as text only. Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The functional half-life for accumulation of enalaprilat is 11 h. Enalapril n engl j med 371;11 nejm. 25 mg/dose every 6 hours. “With the 4. Xen Project 4. 25 mg of enalaprilat injection every six hours is recommended for patients with a creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min (serum creatinine of up to approximately 3 mg/dL). Pet owners using enalapril for their dog should be aware that side effects, though relatively rare, can occur. Brand name: Innovace. You can take enalapril with or without food. • Use cautiously with diuretic therapy. Lowering blood pressure may lower your risk of a stroke or heart attack. It lowers peripheral vascular resistance without causing an increase in heart rate. The enalapril-induced cough is insidious, dry, persistent, benign, and reversible on discontinuation of therapy. 53. Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart disease. 5-10mg. As a result, enalapril relaxes the blood vessels. Enalapril is also is used in animals with chronic renal-failure and protein-losing. S. It has a role as a prodrug, an EC 3. This would allow you to use a mock testing implementation client that keeps tracks of the incoming requests that let you later run assertions on them, and returns pre-configured. Indications and Dosage. Skin itching. Meanwhile, PricePrediction had a XEN crypto price prediction that said the token could be valued at $0. Study objective: To compare the clinical safety and efficacy of ramipril, a new long-acting nonsulfhydryl inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), with enalapril. There are no data on the safety and efficacy of enalapril. 00000462, $0. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed. sore throat. 2 out of 10 from a total of 802 ratings on Drugs. Applies to: enalapril and ibuprofen. desvanecimiento. It may be given to you for other reasons. 15. 31%, 3. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg. Este efecto surge 1 a 2 semanas luego de haber comenzado el uso de enalapril y puede prolongarse hasta 6 meses. Compare your own system(s) to this result file with the Phoronix Test Suite by running the command: phoronix-test-suite benchmark 2204122-HUGO-CC22ASS20Compare your own system(s) to this result file with the Phoronix Test Suite by running the command: phoronix-test-suite benchmark 2204122-HUGO-CC22ASS20Mint Free XEN. 4). Enalapril is typically well-tolerated when used at proper dosages, making serious side effects uncommon. nausea. This would allow you to use a mock testing implementation client that keeps tracks of the incoming requests that let you later run assertions on them, and returns pre-configured. Enalaprilat is the active metabolite of the oral prodrug enalapril maleate. Learn about side effects, warnings, dosage, and more. 17. You can take enalapril with or without food. Allopurinol. 25 mg up to 3 mg every 12 to 24 hours. Initial dose: 2. However, head-to-head comparisons of ACEIs and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have shown conflicting results. 0Overview. cough. Design: Prospective multicenter. An overview of the clinical pharmacology of enalapril. Enalapril maleate is chemically described. Only tiny amounts of enalapril pass into breast milk, which is unlikely to cause side effects in your baby. 5 mg once daily, monitor blood pressure carefully for 1–2 hours, maintenance 10–20 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses. El enalapril pertenece a una clase de medicamentos llamados inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina (ACE, por sus siglas en inglés). amlodipine/benaz caps amlodipine/benazepril hcl caps 10 mg-20mg amlodipine/benazepril hcl caps 10 mg-40mg amlodipine/benazepril hcl caps 2. However, the vet may recommend a slightly different dosage based on the underlying cause. In the Internet there are a lot of examples of nxlog. Less commonly, dogs may develop weakness, low blood pressure, kidney dysfunction, and elevated potassium levels (which could negatively affect the heart). The price of XEN Crypto (XEN) is $0. Andre faktorer der har stor betydning for hjerte-kar-sygdom, er. The mean change in SUA from baseline was significantly different at 12 months between 23 hypertensive patients randomised to losartan (3. Shops. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. Enalapril maleate is chemically described. It has been shown that the combination of metformin and enalapril has beneficial effects, but few studies have evaluated the interactions be. XEN is a joint virtual mining project initially launched on the Ethereum network. At the New Year, Lukas left open the door to the shed and mice got to the grain. DOI: 10. Plasmahalveringstid ca. 5 mg orally once a day. aturdimiento. Quinapril and other ACE inhibitors may also cause kidney failure and increased levels of potassium in the blood. To make sure it's safe for you, tell your doctor if you: have ever had an allergic reaction to enalapril or any other medicine. We evaluated the long-term effect of early angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition (enalapril maleate) as monotherapy to postpone or prevent congestive heart failure (CHF) in asymptomatic dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR) attributable to myxomatous valvular disease (MVD) in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled. If left untreated, this can lead to lasting eyesight loss. El enalapril pertenece a una clase de medicamentos llamados inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina (ACE, por sus siglas en inglés). Next review due: 28 January 2025. Enalapril. The price of XEN Crypto (XEN) is $0. In the pathogenesis of CHF, the proteolytic enzyme renin is released. Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / veterinary*. Loss of appetite. conf but none of them is useful for me. vomiting. 0000185. ACE inhibitors currently approved for use in veterinary medicine are benazepril, enalapril, imidapril and ramipril. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor is the name used to describe a group of medications used to treat high blood pressure. December 26, 2019. , Ltd China (Mainland)In a perfect world I think mutli_auth would allow you to supply a custom HTTP::Client instance that would be set on the underlying OAuth2::Client instance. If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. About enalapril. Should have their blood pressure measured at least once between days 3–5 after birth. Doses above 0. Other pharmacies. Optimal clinical application of enalapril in the treatment of hypertension and. The live XEN Crypto price today is $5. Diabetic Kidney Disease. Doses of ACE-inhibitors and ARBs equivalent to 10mg of LisinoprilEnalapril is an ACE inhibitor that is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Davis PT Collection is a subscription-based resource from McGraw Hill that features trusted content from the best minds in PT. The dosage of enalapril for dogs to treat CHF ranges from 0. • Use cautiously with potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics. EPANED is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor indicated for: Treatment of hypertension in adults and children older than 1 month, to lower blood pressure. Introduction. REACCIONES ADVERSAS. It may also be used to prevent further damage after a heart attack. Mitral regurgitation (MR) secondary to myxomatous degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is the most common heart disease and cause of heart failure in dogs (1,2). The overall results of this study . Drug comparisons based on potency. Enalapril Maleate is an uncoated tablet prescribed to help manage the symptoms of heart failure, whether mild, moderate or severe, high blood pressure and some other heart conditions. Dizziness, lightheadedness, or weakness may occur as your body adjusts to the medication. high blood potassium --nausea, weakness, tingly. It is used in certain patients with heart failure to lower the chance of having to go to the hospital for heart failure that gets worse. Maintenance dose: 2. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to sacubitril/valsartan (n = 440) or enalapril (n = 441). Dosage should be adjusted according to blood pressure response. SUA levels after 36 months were found to be increased when compared to baseline in both losartan and enalapril groups. The usual dosage range of enalapril is 10 to 40 mg per day administered in a single or two divided doses; hydrochlorothiazide is effective in doses of 12. Add the remainder of the Ora-Sweet SF diluent and shake well for an additional 30 seconds. For all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Quién debe usar enalapril. Enalapril - What is it for. Pediatric Hypertensive Patients. Sign In Sign Up Sign In Sign Up Manage this listMineral resource exploration and mining is an essential part of today's high-tech industry. 37% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 44% reported a negative effect. El enalapril, se considera un medicamento bien tolerado, aunque produce frecuentemente los siguientes efectos secundarios: Tos y ardor en la garganta: afecta de 5 a 10% de las personas tratadas. 50 mg and 20 mg) achieved DBP normalization in 11. Tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca. This study aimed to longit. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. Alapren dosage. Below is a text only representation of the Patient Information Leaflet (ePIL). It is made from the amino acid known as arginine. Design: A randomized, double-blind trial. From the authorisations in Member States, different Summaries of. Metabolism beyond activation to enalaprilat is not observed in man. 5mg-10mgXCP-ng is a Linux distribution of the Xen Project, with pre-configured Xen Hypervisor and the Xen API project (XAPI) working out-of-the-box. Enalapril is an antihypertensive agent that exhibits natriuretic and uricosuric properties. The comparative effectiveness of different ACEIs is not known. Enalapril Maleate is an uncoated tablet prescribed to help manage the symptoms of heart failure, whether mild, moderate or severe, high blood pressure and some other heart conditions. Enalapril has an average rating of 5. Dose should be individualised according to patient profile and blood pressure response. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. Quinapril is in a class of medications called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Sometimes, vomiting or diarrhea may occur. As with any medication, side effects may occur while your dog is on enalapril. coloración amarillenta en la piel o los ojos. This activity will highlight the mechanism of. Add the remainder of the Ora-Sweet SF diluent and shake well for an additional 30 seconds. 5 to 20 mg daily in 2 divided doses. The use of cell intrinsic components, including oocyte cytoplasm and transcription factors. 205 mL/min. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. 15 release, The Xen Project Hypervisor builds on long history of innovative open-source engineering. com. ACE inhibitors have also been shown to improve both clinical and echocardiographic parameters in horses with mitral or aortic regurgitation. Läkemedel med enalapril finns under flera namn beroende på tillverkare. See full list on drugs. A sample config I'm using is as below:Background: We compared the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 with enalapril in patients who had heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. tb02601. Sein Wirkprinzip beruht nach Aktivierung durch hydrolytische Abspaltung von Ethanol zum Enalaprilat auf der Hemmung des Angiotensin. 2 out of 10 from a total of 29 ratings on Drugs. This review aimed to evaluate the benefits of enalapril and losartan in adults with CKD. Enalapril (อีนาลาพริล) คือยาต้านเอนไซม์เอซีอี (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: ACE Inhibitors) ใช้รักษาความดันโลหิตสูงในผู้ใหญ่และเด็กอายุ 1 ขวบขึ้นไป ภาวะหัวใจล้มเหลวใน. As a result,. If you are between the ages of 18 and 60, take no other medication or have no other medical conditions, side effects you are more likely to. 00000645 a year from then and in 2025, $0. signs of infection --fever, chills, sore throat, body aches, unusual tiredness, loss of appetite, bruising or bleeding; or. Sep 29. Limit your alcohol intake while taking enalapril because enalapril can further lower your blood pressure and increase the risk of side effects. Agmatine is a chemical found in bacteria, plants, and animals, including humans. Doses should be titrated upward, as tolerated, over a period of a. Enalapril is an inexpensive drug used alone or together with other medications to treat high blood pressure. However, the BP thresholds used to define hypertension, the optimum BP threshold at which to initiate antihypertensive drug therapy, and the ideal target BP values remain controversial. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in Black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effectsTo evaluate the influence of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor enalapril (2. Usual maintenance dose is 10-20 mg once daily. Loss of appetite. Cellular reprogramming can manipulate the identity of cells to generate the desired cell types 1, 2, 3. Physical–Chemical Properties. These may include vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, weakness, or rashes. Rare side effects of Enalapril-Hydrochlorothiazide include: none. lack or loss of strength. Lynbrook, NY 11563. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. 18e-7 USD with a 24-hour trading volume of $2,993,614 USD. Conversion of enalapril to enalaprilat was in the range of 63-76%. The effect on systolic blood pre. Enalaprilat is poorly absorbed orally. [2] For heart failure, it is generally used with a diuretic, such as furosemide. The more common side effects that can occur with enalapril include: dizziness. cough, diarrhea; chest pain, dizziness, tiredness; headache, nausea; or. It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure this medicine is working properly. It works by decreasing certain chemicals that tighten the blood vessels, so blood flows more smoothly. Comes in oral daily tablets. This medicine can cause certain eye problems. Accordingly, for the intention-to-treat analysis, 2340 patients were randomly assigned to the combination therapy of enalapril plus aliskiren, 2340 to aliskiren alone, and 2336 to enalapril alone. Actúa disminuyendo determinadas sustancias químicas que contraen los vasos sanguíneos, de modo. Many ACE inhibitors are available as lower-cost generics. The dosage of enalapril for dogs with hypertension can vary from 0. The di-acid metabolite of enalapril, enalaprilat, and its lysine analogue lisinopril are potent inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE); they do not contain sulphydryl groups. Side Effects of Enalapril for Cats. Both compounds undergo renal excretion without further metabolism. May prolong survival in CHF. Libvirt List Archives. [4] É derivado dos aminoácidos L-alanina e L-prolina. The course emphasizes integration of previous content, critical thinking, and therapeutic relevance. This lowers blood pressure and increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Enalapril: HFrEF/HTN: 2. We update our XEN to USD price in real-time. Daily. fever or chills. Common questions. The beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors appear to result primarily from the suppression of the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Benazepril is a drug used in the management of hypertension. Days 4 to 7: 5 mg/day in two divided doses. Benazepril HCL Oral Film Coated. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. They are all pro-drugs administered by oral ro. These may include vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, weakness, or rashes. Enalapril is a highly specific, competitive inhibitor of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE), belonging to the category of ACE inhibitors. Leave 10 to 12 hours between doses if you can. INDICACIONES TERAPÉUTICAS. The text only version may be available in large print, Braille or audio CD . 1 Enalapril maleate is a prodrug which when administered orally is hydrolysed to release the active converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat. Using an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring technique, we compared, in a cross-over design study, the effects of four weeks' treatment with enalapril, 10 mg once daily, to lisinopril, 10 mg once. They have also been used for treating problems with the heart and kidneys. Dose should be individualised according to patient profile and blood pressure response. 1111/j. 5Sections 4. may cause a persistent cough; if it. Enalapril maleate is a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor marketed in the U. The orally active angiotensin-converting inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) such as captopril and enalapril represent a significant therapeutic advance in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Enalapril (Vasotec) doesn't cause many side effects, but some include tiredness, dizziness, and cough. It is a prodrug converted by hepatic e. Dosage. Enalapril maleate is a prodrug which when administered orally is hydrolysed to release the active converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat. This activity outlines the indications, action, and. It may be prescribed to treat other cardiac diseases such as cardiomyopathy (a heart muscle disease) and the management of kidney (renal) failure. If these. Pill with imprint S 7 is Red, Three-sided and has been identified as Enalapril Maleate 10 mg. Administration with food does not affect the bioavailability. Enalapril maleate is a prodrug which when administered orally is hydrolysed to release the active converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat. Lisinopril (Zestril), enalapril (Vasotec), and benazepril (Lotensin) are popular examples of ACE inhibitors. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. sneezing. Enalapril -. 28 Equivalent to Lisinopril 10mg Captopril 25mg BID Enalapril 10mg Ramipril 2. Metoprolol. It may be prescribed to treat other cardiac diseases such as cardiomyopathy (a heart muscle disease) and the management of kidney (renal) failure. The live XEN Crypto price today is $5. 3. Use of cilazapril in New Zealand is still very high. 15. Alteplase, Recombinant. 25 mg 6 hourly via slow infusion over 5 minutes. Maternal Levels. Conversion of enalapril to enalaprilat was in the range of 63-76%. According to your prescription benefit plan, you will have toThe drugs on this list require step therapy. A pediatric population is a heterogeneous group with developmental differences in physiology, pathology, and biochemistry from birth until adolescence (). First of all you will have to get the Xen 4. Diarrhea. Which assessment does the nurse perform as a priority before administering the medication? A. Methods: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 8442 patients with class II, III, or IV heart failure and an. 40mg. Inactive ingredients include citric acid, mixed berry flavor, purified water, sodium citrate, methylparaben, propyl paraben, xylitol and sucralose. Enalapril maleate is 60% absorbed and 40% bioavailable as enalaprilat. Maximum daily dose is 40 mg. Brand name: Innovace. 20-50: Dose as in normal renal function: 10-20: Start with 2. Enalapril, sold under the brand name Vasotec among others, is an ACE inhibitor medication used to treat high blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease, and heart failure. Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / physiopathology. “With the 4. Animal studies have revealed evidence of fetotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of losartan, an antagonist of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor), and enalapril, an inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), on viral antigen expression and IL-1β production in peritoneal. Data Extraction. $ 16. 2. RESTRICCIONES DE USO DURANTE EL EMBARAZO Y LA LACTANCIA: No existen estudios en mujeres embarazadas, por lo que el enalapril sólo debe utilizarse durante el embarazo solamente si su beneficio potencial justifica el riesgo potencial para el feto. The boy was handsome as the sun and the girl was beautiful as the moon, but both were lazy and ungovernable. Multiclinic controlled studies have shown that enalapril alone 10 to 40 mg/day orally is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. It works by decreasing certain chemicals that tighten the blood vessels, so blood flows more smoothly and the heart can pump blood more efficiently. com. If you have a medical need for one of these drugs, your doctor can ask for an exception. Enalapril is available in tablets (2. ACE inhibitors are used for treating high blood pressure and heart failure and. Background: Placebo-controlled trials have found that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) decrease proteinuria and slow the progression of nondiabetic nephropathies. One mother taking a single oral dose of enalapril 5 mg and 2 mothers taking a single dose 10 mg 3 to 45 days postpartum had undetectable enalaprilat milk levels (<0. Suggested first line antihypertensive drugs that are safe in breastfeeding mothers include labetalol, nifedipine, and enalapril. Enalaprilat is the only available angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that can be administered intravenously. Los principales son: Reducción de la presión arterial. Enalapril 10 to 40 mg/day administered either once or twice daily is effective in lowering blood pressure in all grades of essential and. Xen Project 4. It works by decreasing certain chemicals that tighten the blood vessels, so blood flows more smoothly. com. Diarrhea. Heart Failure / drug therapy. Combination of nonhypotensive doses of valsartan and enalapril markedly improved survival (+87%) compared with untreated animals (37%) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with endothelial dysfunction. Select this if your pharmacy isn’t listed above. 5 and 4. 15 source code, which you can either download through our release tarball (including signature) from our download page. Results: Linear models were fitted for all variables. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur.